日志
输出
2018/09/28 20:03:08 EDDYCJY Blog...
构成
[日期]<空格>[时分秒]<空格>[内容]<n>
源码剖析
Logger
type Logger struct {
mu sync.Mutex
prefix string
flag int
out io.Writer
buf []byte
}
(1) mu:互斥锁,用于确保原子的写入
(2) prefix:每行需写入的日志前缀内容
(3) flag:设置日志辅助信息(时间、文件名、行号)的写入。可选如下标识位:
const (
Ldate = 1 << iota // value: 1
Ltime // value: 2
Lmicroseconds // value: 4
Llongfile // value: 8
Lshortfile // value: 16
LUTC // value: 32
LstdFlags = Ldate | Ltime // value: 3
)
- Ldate:当地时区的格式化日期:2009/01/23
- Lmicroseconds:在 Ltime 的基础上,增加微秒的时间数值显示
- Llongfile:完整的文件名和行号:/a/b/c/d.go:23
- Lshortfile:当前文件名和行号:d.go:23,会覆盖 Llongfile 标识
- LUTC:如果设置 Ldate 或 Ltime,且设置 LUTC,则优先使用 UTC 时区而不是本地时区
- LstdFlags:Logger 的默认初始值(Ldate 和 Ltime)
(4) out:io.Writer
(5) buf:用于存储将要写入的日志内容
New
func New(out io.Writer, prefix string, flag int) *Logger {
return &Logger{out: out, prefix: prefix, flag: flag}
}
var std = New(os.Stderr, "", LstdFlags)
Ldate | Ltime2009/01/23 01:23:23
// os
var (
Stdin = NewFile(uintptr(syscall.Stdin), "/dev/stdin")
Stdout = NewFile(uintptr(syscall.Stdout), "/dev/stdout")
Stderr = NewFile(uintptr(syscall.Stderr), "/dev/stderr")
)
- Stdin:标准输入
- Stdout:标准输出
- Stderr:标准错误
Getter
- Flags
- Prefix
Setter
- SetFlags
- SetPrefix
- SetOutput
Print.., Fatal.., Panic..
func Print(v ...interface{}) {
std.Output(2, fmt.Sprint(v...))
}
func Printf(format string, v ...interface{}) {
std.Output(2, fmt.Sprintf(format, v...))
}
func Println(v ...interface{}) {
std.Output(2, fmt.Sprintln(v...))
}
func Fatal(v ...interface{}) {
std.Output(2, fmt.Sprint(v...))
os.Exit(1)
}
func Panic(v ...interface{}) {
s := fmt.Sprint(v...)
std.Output(2, s)
panic(s)
}
...
XrintlnXrintffmt
FatalPanicos.Exit(1)panic(s)Output
Logger.Output
func (l *Logger) Output(calldepth int, s string) error {
now := time.Now() // get this early.
var file string
var line int
l.mu.Lock()
defer l.mu.Unlock()
if l.flag&(Lshortfile|Llongfile) != 0 {
// Release lock while getting caller info - it's expensive.
l.mu.Unlock()
var ok bool
_, file, line, ok = runtime.Caller(calldepth)
if !ok {
file = "???"
line = 0
}
l.mu.Lock()
}
l.buf = l.buf[:0]
l.formatHeader(&l.buf, now, file, line)
l.buf = append(l.buf, s...)
if len(s) == 0 || s[len(s)-1] != '\n' {
l.buf = append(l.buf, '\n')
}
_, err := l.out.Write(l.buf)
return err
}
runtime.Caller\n
Logger.formatHeader
func (l *Logger) formatHeader(buf *[]byte, t time.Time, file string, line int) {
*buf = append(*buf, l.prefix...)
if l.flag&(Ldate|Ltime|Lmicroseconds) != 0 {
if l.flag&LUTC != 0 {
t = t.UTC()
}
if l.flag&Ldate != 0 {
year, month, day := t.Date()
itoa(buf, year, 4)
*buf = append(*buf, '/')
itoa(buf, int(month), 2)
*buf = append(*buf, '/')
itoa(buf, day, 2)
*buf = append(*buf, ' ')
}
if l.flag&(Ltime|Lmicroseconds) != 0 {
hour, min, sec := t.Clock()
itoa(buf, hour, 2)
*buf = append(*buf, ':')
itoa(buf, min, 2)
*buf = append(*buf, ':')
itoa(buf, sec, 2)
if l.flag&Lmicroseconds != 0 {
*buf = append(*buf, '.')
itoa(buf, t.Nanosecond()/1e3, 6)
}
*buf = append(*buf, ' ')
}
}
if l.flag&(Lshortfile|Llongfile) != 0 {
if l.flag&Lshortfile != 0 {
short := file
for i := len(file) - 1; i > 0; i-- {
if file[i] == '/' {
short = file[i+1:]
break
}
}
file = short
}
*buf = append(*buf, file...)
*buf = append(*buf, ':')
itoa(buf, line, -1)
*buf = append(*buf, ": "...)
}
}
该方法主要是用于格式化日志头(前缀),根据入参不同的标识位,添加分隔符和对应的值到日志信息中。执行流程如下:
(1)如果不是空值,则将 prefix 写入 buf
LdateLtimeLmicroseconds
LshortfileLlongfile
Logger.itoa
func itoa(buf *[]byte, i int, wid int) {
// Assemble decimal in reverse order.
var b [20]byte
bp := len(b) - 1
for i >= 10 || wid > 1 {
wid--
q := i / 10
b[bp] = byte('0' + i - q*10)
bp--
i = q
}
// i < 10
b[bp] = byte('0' + i)
*buf = append(*buf, b[bp:]...)
}
该方法主要用于将整数转换为定长的十进制 ASCII,同时给出负数宽度避免左侧补 0。另外会以相反的顺序组合十进制
如何定制化 Logger
log.Print*
func New(out io.Writer, prefix string, flag int) *Logger
其实是在标准库内,如果你刚刚细心的看了前面的小节,不难发现其默认实现了一个 Logger 组件
var std = New(os.Stderr, "", LstdFlags)
这也是一个小小的精妙之处 ⭕️
总结
sync.Mutex
问题
runtime.Caller