golang使用gdb - Golang教程网

GDB调试简介

GDB是FSF(自由软件基金会)发布的一个强大的类UNIX系统下的程序调试工具。使用GDB可以做如下事情：

启动程序，可以按照开发者的自定义要求运行程序。
可让被调试的程序在开发者设定的调置的断点处停住。（断点可以是条件表达式）
当程序被停住时，可以检查此时程序中所发生的事。
动态的改变当前程序的执行环境。

目前支持调试Go程序的GDB版本必须大于7.1。

编译Go程序的时候需要注意以下几点

传递参数-ldflags "-s"，忽略debug的打印信息
传递-gcflags "-N -l" 参数，这样可以忽略Go内部做的一些优化，聚合变量和函数等优化，这样对于GDB调试来说非常困难，所以在编译的时候加入这两个参数避免这些优化。

常用命令

GDB的一些常用命令如下所示

10          time.Sleep(2 * time.Second)
11          c <- i
12      }
13      close(c)
14  }
15  
16  func main() {
17      msg := "Starting main"
18      fmt.Println(msg)
19      bus := make(chan int)

Num     Type           Disp Enb Address            What
2       breakpoint     keep y   0x0000000000400dc3 in main.main at /home/xiemengjun/gdb.go:23
breakpoint already hit 1 time

#0  main.main () at /home/xiemengjun/gdb.go:23
#1  0x000000000040d61e in runtime.main () at /home/xiemengjun/go/src/pkg/runtime/proc.c:244
#2  0x000000000040d6c1 in schedunlock () at /home/xiemengjun/go/src/pkg/runtime/proc.c:267
#3  0x0000000000000000 in ?? ()

* 1  running runtime.gosched
* 2  syscall runtime.entersyscall
  3  waiting runtime.gosched
  4 runnable runtime.gosched

type = struct string

调试过程

我们通过下面这个代码来演示如何通过GDB来调试Go程序，下面是将要演示的代码：

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "time"
)

func counting(c chan<- int) {
    for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
        time.Sleep(2 * time.Second)
        c <- i
    }
    close(c)
}

func main() {
    msg := "Starting main"
    fmt.Println(msg)
    bus := make(chan int)
    msg = "starting a gofunc"
    go counting(bus)
    for count := range bus {
        fmt.Println("count:", count)
    }
}

编译文件，生成可执行文件gdbfile:

go build -gcflags "-N -l" gdbfile.go

通过gdb命令启动调试：

gdb gdbfile

run

(gdb) run
Starting program: /home/xiemengjun/gdbfile 
Starting main
count: 0
count: 1
count: 2
count: 3
count: 4
count: 5
count: 6
count: 7
count: 8
count: 9
[LWP 2771 exited]
[Inferior 1 (process 2771) exited normally]

好了，现在我们已经知道怎么让程序跑起来了，接下来开始给代码设置断点：

(gdb) b 23
Breakpoint 1 at 0x400d8d: file /home/xiemengjun/gdbfile.go, line 23.
(gdb) run
Starting program: /home/xiemengjun/gdbfile 
Starting main
[New LWP 3284]
[Switching to LWP 3284]

Breakpoint 1, main.main () at /home/xiemengjun/gdbfile.go:23
23          fmt.Println("count:", count)

b 23runlist

(gdb) list
18      fmt.Println(msg)
19      bus := make(chan int)
20      msg = "starting a gofunc"
21      go counting(bus)
22      for count := range bus {
23          fmt.Println("count:", count)
24      }
25  }

现在GDB在运行当前的程序的环境中已经保留了一些有用的调试信息，我们只需打印出相应的变量，查看相应变量的类型及值：

(gdb) info locals
count = 0
bus = 0xf840001a50
(gdb) p count
$1 = 0
(gdb) p bus
$2 = (chan int) 0xf840001a50
(gdb) whatis bus
type = chan int

接下来该让程序继续往下执行，请继续看下面的命令

(gdb) c
Continuing.
count: 0
[New LWP 3303]
[Switching to LWP 3303]

Breakpoint 1, main.main () at /home/xiemengjun/gdbfile.go:23
23 fmt.Println("count:", count)
(gdb) c
Continuing.
count: 1
[Switching to LWP 3302]

Breakpoint 1, main.main () at /home/xiemengjun/gdbfile.go:23
23 fmt.Println("count:", count)

设想目前需要改变上下文相关变量的信息，跳过一些过程，并继续执行下一步，得出修改后想要的结果：

(gdb) info locals
count = 2
bus = 0xf840001a50
(gdb) set variable count=9
(gdb) info locals
count = 9
bus = 0xf840001a50
(gdb) c
Continuing.
count: 9
[Switching to LWP 3302]

Breakpoint 1, main.main () at /home/xiemengjun/gdbfile.go:23
23 fmt.Println("count:", count)

最后稍微思考一下，前面整个程序运行的过程中到底创建了多少个goroutine，每个goroutine都在做什么：

(gdb) info goroutines
* 1 running runtime.gosched
* 2 syscall runtime.entersyscall 
3 waiting runtime.gosched 
4 runnable runtime.gosched
(gdb) goroutine 1 bt
#0 0x000000000040e33b in runtime.gosched () at /home/xiemengjun/go/src/pkg/runtime/proc.c:927
#1 0x0000000000403091 in runtime.chanrecv (c=void, ep=void, selected=void, received=void)
at /home/xiemengjun/go/src/pkg/runtime/chan.c:327
#2 0x000000000040316f in runtime.chanrecv2 (t=void, c=void)
at /home/xiemengjun/go/src/pkg/runtime/chan.c:420
#3 0x0000000000400d6f in main.main () at /home/xiemengjun/gdbfile.go:22
#4 0x000000000040d0c7 in runtime.main () at /home/xiemengjun/go/src/pkg/runtime/proc.c:244
#5 0x000000000040d16a in schedunlock () at /home/xiemengjun/go/src/pkg/runtime/proc.c:267
#6 0x0000000000000000 in ?? ()

通过查看goroutines的命令我们可以清楚地了解goruntine内部是怎么执行的，每个函数的调用顺序已经明明白白地显示出来了。