目录
database/sqlsqlxsqlxsqlx.InDB.NamedExec
sqlx介绍
database/sqlsqlxdatabase/sqldatabase/sqlGet(dest interface{}, ...) errorselect(dest interface{}, ...) error
安装sqlx
go get github.com/jmoiron/sqlx
基本使用
连接数据库
var db *sqlx.DB func initDB() (err error) { dsn := "user:password@tcp(127.0.0.1:3306)/sql_test?charset=utf8mb4&parseTime=True" // 也可以使用MustConnect连接不成功就panic db, err = sqlx.Connect("mysql", dsn) if err != nil { fmt.Printf("connect DB failed, err:%v\n", err) return } db.SetMaxOpenConns(20) db.SetMaxIdleConns(10) return }
查询
查询单行数据示例代码如下:
// 查询单条数据示例 func queryRowDemo() { sqlStr := "select id, name, age from user where id=?" var u user err := db.Get(&u, sqlStr, 1) if err != nil { fmt.Printf("get failed, err:%v\n", err) return } fmt.Printf("id:%d name:%s age:%d\n", u.ID, u.Name, u.Age) }
查询多行数据示例代码如下:
// 查询多条数据示例 func queryMultiRowDemo() { sqlStr := "select id, name, age from user where id > ?" var users []user err := db.select(&users, sqlStr, 0) if err != nil { fmt.Printf("query failed, err:%v\n", err) return } fmt.Printf("users:%#v\n", users) }
插入、更新和删除
sqlx中的exec方法与原生sql中的exec使用基本一致:
// 插入数据 func insertRowDemo() { sqlStr := "insert into user(name, age) values (?,?)" ret, err := db.exec(sqlStr, "沙河小王子", 19) if err != nil { fmt.Printf("insert failed, err:%v\n", err) return } theID, err := ret.LastInsertId() // 新插入数据的id if err != nil { fmt.Printf("get lastinsert ID failed, err:%v\n", err) return } fmt.Printf("insert success, the id is %d.\n", theID) } // 更新数据 func updateRowDemo() { sqlStr := "update user set age=? where id = ?" ret, err := db.exec(sqlStr, 39, 6) if err != nil { fmt.Printf("update failed, err:%v\n", err) return } n, err := ret.RowsAffected() // 操作影响的行数 if err != nil { fmt.Printf("get RowsAffected failed, err:%v\n", err) return } fmt.Printf("update success, affected rows:%d\n", n) } // 删除数据 func deleteRowDemo() { sqlStr := "delete from user where id = ?" ret, err := db.exec(sqlStr, 6) if err != nil { fmt.Printf("delete failed, err:%v\n", err) return } n, err := ret.RowsAffected() // 操作影响的行数 if err != nil { fmt.Printf("get RowsAffected failed, err:%v\n", err) return } fmt.Printf("delete success, affected rows:%d\n", n) }
NamedExec
DB.NamedExec
func insertUserDemo()(err error){ sqlStr := "insert INTO user (name,age) VALUES (:name,:age)" _, err = db.NamedExec(sqlStr, map[string]interface{}{ "name": "七米", "age": 28, }) return }
NamedQuery
DB.NamedExec
func namedQuery(){ sqlStr := "select * FROM user WHERE name=:name" // 使用map做命名查询 rows, err := db.NamedQuery(sqlStr, map[string]interface{}{"name": "七米"}) if err != nil { fmt.Printf("db.NamedQuery failed, err:%v\n", err) return } defer rows.Close() for rows.Next(){ var u user err := rows.StructScan(&u) if err != nil { fmt.Printf("scan failed, err:%v\n", err) continue } fmt.Printf("user:%#v\n", u) } u := user{ Name: "七米", } // 使用结构体命名查询,根据结构体字段的 db tag进行映射 rows, err = db.NamedQuery(sqlStr, u) if err != nil { fmt.Printf("db.NamedQuery failed, err:%v\n", err) return } defer rows.Close() for rows.Next(){ var u user err := rows.StructScan(&u) if err != nil { fmt.Printf("scan failed, err:%v\n", err) continue } fmt.Printf("user:%#v\n", u) } }
事务操作
sqlxdb.Beginx()tx.exec()
func transactionDemo2()(err error) { tx, err := db.Beginx() // 开启事务 if err != nil { fmt.Printf("begin trans failed, err:%v\n", err) return err } defer func() { if p := recover(); p != nil { tx.Rollback() panic(p) // re-throw panic after Rollback } else if err != nil { fmt.Println("rollback") tx.Rollback() // err is non-nil; don't change it } else { err = tx.Commit() // err is nil; if Commit returns error update err fmt.Println("commit") } }() sqlStr1 := "update user set age=20 where id=?" rs, err := tx.exec(sqlStr1, 1) if err!= nil{ return err } n, err := rs.RowsAffected() if err != nil { return err } if n != 1 { return errors.New("exec sqlStr1 failed") } sqlStr2 := "update user set age=50 where i=?" rs, err = tx.exec(sqlStr2, 5) if err!=nil{ return err } n, err = rs.RowsAffected() if err != nil { return err } if n != 1 { return errors.New("exec sqlStr1 failed") } return err }sqlx.In
sqlx.Insqlx
sqlx.In的批量插入示例
表结构
user
CREATE TABLE `user` ( `id` BIGINT(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `name` VARCHAR(20) DEFAULT '', `age` INT(11) DEFAULT '0', PRIMARY KEY(`id`) )ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=1 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4;
结构体
user
type User struct { Name string `db:"name"` Age int `db:"age"` }
bindvars(绑定变量)
?database/sqlbindvars
?$1$2?$1:name
bindvarsbindvars
// ?不能用来插入表名(做SQL语句中表名的占位符) db.Query("select * FROM ?", "mytable") // ?也不能用来插入列名(做SQL语句中列名的占位符) db.Query("select ?, ? FROM people", "name", "location")
自己拼接语句实现批量插入
(?, ?)
// BatchInsertUsers 自行构造批量插入的语句 func BatchInsertUsers(users []*User) error { // 存放 (?, ?) 的slice valueStrings := make([]string, 0, len(users)) // 存放values的slice valueArgs := make([]interface{}, 0, len(users) * 2) // 遍历users准备相关数据 for _, u := range users { // 此处占位符要与插入值的个数对应 valueStrings = append(valueStrings, "(?, ?)") valueArgs = append(valueArgs, u.Name) valueArgs = append(valueArgs, u.Age) } // 自行拼接要执行的具体语句 stmt := fmt.Sprintf("insert INTO user (name, age) VALUES %s", strings.Join(valueStrings, ",")) _, err := DB.exec(stmt, valueArgs...) return err }
使用sqlx.In实现批量插入
driver.Valuer
func (u User) Value() (driver.Value, error) { return []interface{}{u.Name, u.Age}, nil }
sqlx.In
// BatchInsertUsers2 使用sqlx.In帮我们拼接语句和参数, 注意传入的参数是[]interface{} func BatchInsertUsers2(users []interface{}) error { query, args, _ := sqlx.In( "insert INTO user (name, age) VALUES (?), (?), (?)", users..., // 如果arg实现了 driver.Valuer, sqlx.In 会通过调用 Value()来展开它 ) fmt.Println(query) // 查看生成的querystring fmt.Println(args) // 查看生成的args _, err := DB.exec(query, args...) return err }
使用NamedExec实现批量插入
;
NamedExec
// BatchInsertUsers3 使用NamedExec实现批量插入 func BatchInsertUsers3(users []*User) error { _, err := DB.NamedExec("insert INTO user (name, age) VALUES (:name, :age)", users) return err }
把上面三种方法综合起来试一下:
func main() { err := initDB() if err != nil { panic(err) } defer DB.Close() u1 := User{Name: "七米", Age: 18} u2 := User{Name: "q1mi", Age: 28} u3 := User{Name: "小王子", Age: 38} // 方法1 users := []*User{&u1, &u2, &u3} err = BatchInsertUsers(users) if err != nil { fmt.Printf("BatchInsertUsers failed, err:%v\n", err) } // 方法2 users2 := []interface{}{u1, u2, u3} err = BatchInsertUsers2(users2) if err != nil { fmt.Printf("BatchInsertUsers2 failed, err:%v\n", err) } // 方法3 users3 := []*User{&u1, &u2, &u3} err = BatchInsertUsers3(users3) if err != nil { fmt.Printf("BatchInsertUsers3 failed, err:%v\n", err) } }
sqlx.In的查询示例
sqlx.Insqlxselect * FROM user WHERE id in (3, 2, 1);select * FROM user WHERE id in (3, 2, 1) ORDER BY FIND_IN_SET(id, '3,2,1');
in查询
查询id在给定id集合中的数据。
// QueryByIDs 根据给定ID查询 func QueryByIDs(ids []int)(users []User, err error){ // 动态填充id query, args, err := sqlx.In("select name, age FROM user WHERE id IN (?)", ids) if err != nil { return } // sqlx.In 返回带 `?` bindvar的查询语句, 我们使用Rebind()重新绑定它 query = DB.Rebind(query) err = DB.select(&users, query, args...) return }
in查询和FIND_IN_SET函数
查询id在给定id集合的数据并维持给定id集合的顺序。
// QueryAndOrderByIDs 按照指定id查询并维护顺序 func QueryAndOrderByIDs(ids []int)(users []User, err error){ // 动态填充id strIDs := make([]string, 0, len(ids)) for _, id := range ids { strIDs = append(strIDs, fmt.Sprintf("%d", id)) } query, args, err := sqlx.In("select name, age FROM user WHERE id IN (?) ORDER BY FIND_IN_SET(id, ?)", ids, strings.Join(strIDs, ",")) if err != nil { return } // sqlx.In 返回带 `?` bindvar的查询语句, 我们使用Rebind()重新绑定它 query = DB.Rebind(query) err = DB.select(&users, query, args...) return }
IN
参考链接: