说明:本文所使用的环境为CentOS 6+Python2.7+Django1.11

安装Django、Nginx和uWSGI

1.确定已经安装了2.7版本的Python; 
2.安装python-devel 
yum install python-devel 
3.安装uwsgi 
pip install uwsgi

测试uwsgi是否能正常工作

1.新建一个index.py;

# index.py
def application(env, start_response):
    start_response('200 OK', [('Content-Type','text/html')])
    return "Hello World"
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2.uwsgi –http :8000 –wsgi-file index.py 
浏览器访问8000端口看是否有hello world输出 
注意:确保8000端口能被外网访问

测试Django能否正常工作

$ cd /var/www/$ django-admin startproject mysite$ cd mysite$ python manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:8000

测试uwsgi是否能和django集成

uwsgi --http :8000 --chdir=/var/www/mysite --module mysite.wsgiuwsgi --http :8008 --chdir /var/www/mysite --wsgi-file weixin/wsgi.py --master --processes 4 --threads 2 --stats 127.0.0.1:9192

在浏览器中访问8000端口,看能否正常访问django网站。

参数说明:

# http : 协议类型和端口号
# processes : 开启的进程数量
# workers : 开启的进程数量,等同于processes(官网的说法是spawn the specified number ofworkers / processes)
# chdir : 指定运行目录(chdir to specified directory before apps loading)
# wsgi-file : 载入wsgi-file(load .wsgi file)
# stats : 在指定的地址上,开启状态服务(enable the stats server on the specified address)
# threads : 运行线程。由于GIL的存在,我觉得这个真心没啥用。(run each worker in prethreaded mode with the specified number of threads)
# master : 允许主进程存在(enable master process)
# daemonize : 使进程在后台运行,并将日志打到指定的日志文件或者udp服务器(daemonize uWSGI)。实际上最常
用的,还是把运行记录输出到一个本地文件上。
# daemonize : 使进程在后台运行,并将日志打到指定的日志文件或者udp服务器(daemonize uWSGI)。实际上最常
用的,还是把运行记录输出到一个本地文件上。
# vacuum : 当服务器退出的时候自动清理环境,删除unix socket文件和pid文件(try to remove all of the generated file/sockets)
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配置Nginx,使Nginx能为Django提供服务

在/etc/nginx/conf.d/下创建一个针对mysite项目的配置文件,详细如下:

# /etc/nginx/conf.d/mysite_nginx.conf
# the upstream component nginx needs to connect to
upstream django {
    server 127.0.0.1:8000; # for a web port socket
}

# configuration of the server
server {
    # the port your site will be served on
    listen      80;
    # the domain name it will serve for
    server_name .example.com; # substitute your machine's IP address or FQDN
    charset     utf-8;

    # max upload size
    client_max_body_size 75M;   # adjust to taste

    # Django 的static和 media目录
    # 如果没有static或media目录,你需要先创建
    location /media  {
        alias /var/www/mysite/media; 
    }  

    location /static {
        alias /var/www/mysite/static; 
    }

    # 将所有非静态文件的请求转给django server处理,这里的django server用的是uwsgi。
    location / {
        uwsgi_pass  django;
        include  /var/www/mysite/uwsgi_params; 
    }
}
#你可以从/etc/nginx/uwsgi_params复制一个拷贝到/var/www/mysite/uwsgi_params。
$ cp /etc/nginx/uwsgi_params /var/www/mysite/
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include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf

重启nginx服务器,验证访问结果

/etc/init.d/nginx restart 
通过浏览器访问80端口,你发现了什么?502 Bad Gateway?是不是?想一想,这是为什么呢?原因是你访问80端口时,请求的资源不是static,也不是media,这个时候Nginx就把请求转给upstream django,upstream的网关配置的127.0.0.1:8000,而127.0.0.1:8000是要靠uwsgi启动的,所以报了一个502 Bad Gateway。你,明白了吗?

systemctl restart nginx.service

启动uwsgi,再次验证结果

uwsgi --socket :8000 --chdir=/var/www/mysite --module mysite.wsgi/etc/init.d/nginx restart
systemctl restart nginx.service

如何使uwsgi以配置文件运行?Configuring uWSGI to run with a .ini file

创建一个mysite_uwsgi.ini文件,内容如下:

[uwsgi]
socket=:8000
chdir = /var/www/mysite
#wsgi-file = mysite/wsgi.py
module=mysite.wsgi:application
processes = 10
threads = 2
#django<1.4,必须指定env和module
env = DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE=mysite.settings

# clear environment on exit
vacuum = true
safe-pidfile = /tmp/project-master.pid # create a pidfile
harakiri = 20 # respawn processes taking more than 20 seconds
limit-as = 128 # limit the project to 128 MB
max-requests = 5000 # respawn processes after serving 5000 requests
daemonize = /var/log/uwsgi/mysite.log # background the process & log
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uwsgi --ini mysite_uwsgi.ini

如何以Emperor模式运行?

什么是Emperor模式?,官网说的很清楚,如下:

uWSGI can run in ‘emperor’ mode. In this mode it keeps an eye on a directory of uWSGI config files, and will spawn instances (‘vassals’) for each one it finds.

Whenever a config file is amended, the emperor will automatically restart the vassal.

sudo mkdir /etc/uwsgisudo mkdir /etc/uwsgi/vassalssudo ln -s /path/to/your/mysite/mysite_uwsgi.ini /etc/uwsgi/vassals/uwsgi --emperor /etc/uwsgi/vassals --uid nginx --gid nginx

如何创建uwsgi服务?

在Linux中,一个服务其实就是一个shell脚本。在CenOS6中,服务脚本一般都在/etc/init.d/目录下。 
首先我们在/etc/initd/目录下创建一个uwsgi文件,文件内容如下:

#!/bin/sh
#
### BEGIN INIT INFO
# Provides: uwsgi
# Required-Start: $syslog $remote_fs
# Should-Start: $time ypbind smtp
# Required-Stop: $syslog $remote_fs
# Should-Stop: ypbind smtp
# Default-Start: 3 5
# Default-Stop: 0 1 2 6
### END INIT INFO
# Source function library.
. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions
# Check for missing binaries (stale symlinks should not happen)
UWSGI_BIN="/usr/local/bin/uwsgi"
UWSGI_EMPEROR_MODE=true
UWSGI_VASSALS="/etc/uwsgi/vassals/"
UWSGI_OPTIONS="--uid nginx  --gid nginx  --logto /var/log/uwsgi/uwsgi.log"
lockfile=/var/lock/subsys/uwsgi
UWSGI_OPTIONS="$UWSGI_OPTIONS --autoload"
if [ "$UWSGI_EMPEROR_MODE" = "true" ] ; then
    UWSGI_OPTIONS="$UWSGI_OPTIONS --emperor $UWSGI_VASSALS"
fi
case "$1" in
    start)
    echo "Starting uWSGI ... "
    daemon $UWSGI_BIN $UWSGI_OPTIONS &
    ;;
    stop)
    echo "Shutting down uWSGI ... "
    killproc $UWSGI_BIN
    ;;
    restart)
    $0 stop
    $0 start
    ;;
    status)
    echo -n "Checking for service uWSGI "
    status $UWSGI_BIN
    ;;
    *)
    echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop|status|restart}"
    exit 1
    ;;
esac
exit 0
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然后,我们可以使用此脚本来管理uwsgi,如下:

/etc/init.d/uwsgi start 
/etc/init.d/uwsgi stop 
/etc/init.d/uwsgi restart 
/etc/init.d/uwsgi status

$ chown nginx.nginx /var/log/uwsgi -R

如何设置开机起动uwsgi?

把启动uwsgi的命令添加到“/etc/rc.local”文件中即可。

多站点部署问题

#Simple HTTP server
server {
    listen   80; 
    root /usr/share/nginx/www;
    server_name host1.example.com;
}

#Django server
server {
    listen   80; 
    server_name host2.example.com;

    #...upstream config...
}