Go学习笔记之Zap日志的使用

目录
  • Log包
    • 基本用法
    • flag属性
    • prefix属性
    • out属性
    • 创建新的Logger
    • 自定义Go Logger
    • 设置
    • 使用
    • 运行
  • Zap
    • 安装
    • 配置Zap Logger
    • Logger
    • Sugared Logger
    • 定制logger
  • Lumberjack 日志切割
    • 安装
    • 使用
  • Zap接收Gin默认日志
    • 基于zap的中间件
    • 在gin项目中使用zap

Log包

Go语言提供的默认日志包：https://golang.org/pkg/log/

基本用法

log包定义了Logger类型，该类型提供了一些格式化输出的方法。

type Logger struct {
    mu     sync.Mutex // ensures atomic writes; protects the following fields
    prefix string     // prefix on each line to identify the logger (but see                            Lmsgprefix)
    flag   int        // properties
    out    io.Writer  // destination for output
    buf    []byte     // for accumulating text to write
}
muprefixflagout
(Print|Printf|Println）（Fatal|Fatalf|Fatalln）（Panic|Panicf|Panicln）

例如，我们可以像下面的代码一样直接通过log包来调用上面提到的方法，默认它们会将日志信息打印到终端界面：

log.Println("这是一条优雅的日志。")
v := "优雅的"
log.Printf("这是一个%s日志
", v)
//fatal系列函数会在写入日志信息后调用os.Exit(1)
log.Fatalln("这是一天会触发fatal的日志") 
//Panic系列函数会在写入日志信息后panic
log.Panicln("这是一个会触发panic的日志。") //执行后会自动触发一个异常

flag属性

默认情况下的logger只会提供日志的时间信息，但是很多情况下我们希望得到更多信息，比如记录该日志的文件名和行号等。log标准库中为我们提供了定制这些设置的方法。

FlagsSetFlags
const (
    Ldate    = 1 << iota     // the date in the local time zone: 2009/01/23
    Ltime                    // the time in the local time zone: 01:23:23
    Lmicroseconds           // microsecond resolution: 01:23:23.123123.  assumes Ltime.
    Llongfile               // full file name and line number: /a/b/c/d.go:23
    Lshortfile   // final file name element and line number: d.go:23. overrides Llongfile
    LUTC         // if Ldate or Ltime is set, use UTC rather than the local time zone
    Lmsgprefix  // move the "prefix" from the beginning of the line to before the message
    LstdFlags = Ldate | Ltime // initial values for the standard logger
)

设置输出属性的代码如下：

func main() {
    log.SetFlags(log.Llongfile | log.Lmicroseconds | log.Ldate)
    log.Println("这是一条优雅的日志。")
}

编译输出：

2020/07/14 22:51:06.079594 D:/xxx/test_log.go:24: 这是一条优雅的日志。

prefix属性

log标准库中还提供了关于日志信息前缀的两个方法：其中Prefix函数用来查看标准logger的输出前缀，SetPrefix函数用来设置输出前缀。

func Prefix() string
 func SetPrefix(prefix string)

设置日志输出前缀的代码如下：

func main() {
    log.SetPrefix("[PS]")
    log.Println("这是一条很普通的日志。")
}

编译输出：

[PS]2020/07/14 22:56:15.652555 D:/xxx/test_log.go:26: 这是一个普通的日志

out属性

out属性是一个io.Writer输出流，使用它可以把日志输出为文件。

需要用的方法为：设置标准logger的输出目的地，默认是标准错误输出。

func SetOutput(w io.Writer)

例如，下面的代码会把日志输出到同目录下的xx.log文件中。

func main() {
    logFile, err := os.OpenFile("./xx.log", os.O_CREATE|os.O_WRONLY|os.O_APPEND, 0644)
    if err != nil {
        fmt.Println("open log file failed, err:", err)
        return
    }
    log.SetOutput(logFile)
    log.SetFlags(log.Llongfile | log.Lmicroseconds | log.Ldate)
    log.Println("这是一条很普通的日志。")
    log.SetPrefix("[PS]")
    log.Println("这是一条很普通的日志。")
}

如果你要使用标准的logger，我们通常会把上面的配置操作写到init函数中。

func init() {
    logFile, err := os.OpenFile("./xx.log", os.O_CREATE|os.O_WRONLY|os.O_APPEND, 0644)
    if err != nil {
        fmt.Println("open log file failed, err:", err)
        return
    }
    log.SetOutput(logFile)
    log.SetFlags(log.Llongfile | log.Lmicroseconds | log.Ldate)
}

创建新的Logger

log标准库中还提供了一个创建新logger对象的构造函数 New，支持我们创建自己的logger示例。New函数的签名如下：

func New(out io.Writer, prefix string, flag int) *Logger

New创建一个Logger对象。其中，参数out设置日志信息写入的目的地。参数prefix会添加到生成的每一条日志前面。参数flag定义日志的属性（时间、文件等等）。

举个例子：

func main() {
    logger := log.New(os.Stdout, "<PS>", log.Lshortfile|log.Ldate|log.Ltime)
    logger.Println("这是自定义的logger记录的日志。")
}

编译输出：

<PS>2020/07/14 23:02:59 test_log.go:43: 这是自定义的logger记录的日志

自定义Go Logger

io.Writer

设置

func SetupLogger() {
    logFileLocation, _ := os.OpenFile("./test.log", os.O_CREATE|os.O_APPEND|os.O_RDWR, 0744)
    log.SetOutput(logFileLocation)
}

使用

func test(){
   log.Printf("Test log: %s %s", "Hello", "World")
}

运行

func main() {
    SetupLogger()
  test()
}

Zap

Zap是非常快的、结构化的，分日志级别的Go日志库。

安装

go get -u go.uber.org/zap

配置Zap Logger

Sugared LoggerLogger
  • Logger更快，但只支持强类型的结构化日志记录。
  • Sugared Logger支持结构化和printf风格的日志记录。

Logger

zap.NewProduction()zap.NewDevelopment()zap.Example()ExampleProductionjsonDevelopmentDevelopmentProduction
var logger *zap.Logger

func main() {
    InitLogger()
  defer logger.Sync()
    simpleHttpGet("www.google.com")
    simpleHttpGet("http://www.google.com")
}

func InitLogger() {
    logger, _ = zap.NewProduction()
}

func simpleHttpGet(url string) {
    resp, err := http.Get(url)
    if err != nil {
        logger.Error(
            "Error fetching url..",
            zap.String("url", url),
            zap.Error(err))
    } else {
        logger.Info("Success..",
            zap.String("statusCode", resp.Status),
            zap.String("url", url))
        resp.Body.Close()
    }
}

在上面的代码中，我们首先创建了一个Logger，然后使用Info/ Error等Logger方法记录消息。

日志记录器方法的语法是这样的：

func (log *Logger) MethodXXX(msg string, fields ...Field)
MethodXXXzapcore.Field
zapcore.Field

我们执行上面的代码会得到如下输出结果：

{"level":"error","ts":1572159218.912792,"caller":"zap_demo/temp.go:25","msg":"Error fetching url..","url":"www.sogo.com","error":"Get www.sogo.com: unsupported protocol scheme ""","stacktrace":"main.simpleHttpGet /Users/itxiaoma/zap_demo/temp.go:25 main.main /Users/itxiaoma/zap_demo/temp.go:14 runtime.main /usr/local/go/src/runtime/proc.go:203"}
{"level":"info","ts":1572159219.1227388,"caller":"zap_demo/temp.go:30","msg":"Success..","statusCode":"200 OK","url":"http://www.sogo.com"}

Sugared Logger

slogger := logger.Sugar()
suger loggerprintf
var sugarLogger *zap.SugaredLogger

func main() {
    InitLogger()
    defer sugarLogger.Sync()
    simpleHttpGet("www.google.com")
    simpleHttpGet("http://www.google.com")
}

func InitLogger() {
  logger, _ := zap.NewProduction()
    sugarLogger = logger.Sugar()
}

func simpleHttpGet(url string) {
    sugarLogger.Debugf("Trying to hit GET request for %s", url)
    resp, err := http.Get(url)
    if err != nil {
        sugarLogger.Errorf("Error fetching URL %s : Error = %s", url, err)
    } else {
        sugarLogger.Infof("Success! statusCode = %s for URL %s", resp.Status, url)
        resp.Body.Close()
    }
}

执行结果：

{"level":"error","ts":1572159149.923002,"caller":"logic/temp2.go:27","msg":"Error fetching URL www.sogo.com : Error = Get www.sogo.com: unsupported protocol scheme ""","stacktrace":"main.simpleHttpGet /Users/itxiaoma/zap_demo/logic/temp2.go:27 main.main /Users/itxiaoma/zap_demo/logic/temp2.go:14 runtime.main /usr/local/go/src/runtime/proc.go:203"}
{"level":"info","ts":1572159150.192585,"caller":"logic/temp2.go:29","msg":"Success! statusCode = 200 OK for URL http://www.sogo.com"}

定制logger

1. 日志写入文件

zap.New(…)zap.NewProduction()
func New(core zapcore.Core, options ...Option) *Logger
NewJSONEncoder()ProductionEncoderConfig()
zapcore.NewJSONEncoder(zap.NewProductionEncoderConfig())
zapcore.AddSync()
file, _ := os.Create("./test.log")
writeSyncer := zapcore.AddSync(file)

Log Level：哪种级别的日志将被写入。

func InitLogger() {
    writeSyncer := getLogWriter()
    encoder := getEncoder()
    core := zapcore.NewCore(encoder, writeSyncer, zapcore.DebugLevel)

    logger := zap.New(core)
    sugarLogger = logger.Sugar()
}

func getEncoder() zapcore.Encoder {
    return zapcore.NewJSONEncoder(zap.NewProductionEncoderConfig())
}

func getLogWriter() zapcore.WriteSyncer {
    file, _ := os.Create("./test.log")
    return zapcore.AddSync(file)
}
main()test.log

{"level":"debug","ts":1572160754.994731,"msg":"Trying to hit GET request for www.sogo.com"}
{"level":"error","ts":1572160754.994982,"msg":"Error fetching URL www.sogo.com : Error = Get www.sogo.com: unsupported protocol scheme """}
{"level":"debug","ts":1572160754.994996,"msg":"Trying to hit GET request for http://www.sogo.com"}
{"level":"info","ts":1572160757.3755069,"msg":"Success! statusCode = 200 OK for URL http://www.sogo.com"}

2.将JSON Encoder更改为普通的Log Encoder

NewJSONEncoder()NewConsoleEncoder()
return zapcore.NewConsoleEncoder(zap.NewProductionEncoderConfig())
main()test.log

1.572161051846623e+09    debug    Trying to hit GET request for www.sogo.com
1.572161051846828e+09    error    Error fetching URL www.sogo.com : Error = Get www.sogo.com: unsupported protocol scheme ""
1.5721610518468401e+09    debug    Trying to hit GET request for http://www.sogo.com
1.572161052068744e+09    info    Success! statusCode = 200 OK for URL http://www.sogo.com

3. 更改时间编码并添加调用者详细信息

修改时间编码器：

func getEncoder() zapcore.Encoder {
    encoderConfig := zap.NewProductionEncoderConfig()
    encoderConfig.EncodeTime = zapcore.ISO8601TimeEncoder
    encoderConfig.EncodeLevel = zapcore.CapitalLevelEncoder
    return zapcore.NewConsoleEncoder(encoderConfig)
}
zap.New(..)Option
logger := zap.New(core, zap.AddCaller())

最终结果：

2019-10-27T15:33:29.855+0800    DEBUG    logic/temp2.go:47    Trying to hit GET request for www.sogo.com
2019-10-27T15:33:29.855+0800    ERROR    logic/temp2.go:50    Error fetching URL www.sogo.com : Error = Get www.sogo.com: unsupported protocol scheme ""
2019-10-27T15:33:29.856+0800    DEBUG    logic/temp2.go:47    Trying to hit GET request for http://www.sogo.com
2019-10-27T15:33:30.125+0800    INFO    logic/temp2.go:52    Success! statusCode = 200 OK for URL http://www.sogo.com

Lumberjack 日志切割

安装

go get -u github.com/natefinch/lumberjack

使用

func getLogWriter() zapcore.WriteSyncer {
    lumberJackLogger := &lumberjack.Logger{
        Filename:   "./test.log",
        MaxSize:    10,
        MaxBackups: 5,
        MaxAge:     30,
        Compress:   false,
    }
    return zapcore.AddSync(lumberJackLogger)
}

Lumberjack Logger采用以下属性作为输入:

  • Filename: 日志文件的位置
  • MaxSize：在进行切割之前，日志文件的最大大小（以MB为单位）
  • MaxBackups：保留旧文件的最大个数
  • MaxAges：保留旧文件的最大天数
  • Compress：是否压缩/归档旧文件

Zap接收Gin默认日志

gin.Default()Logger()Recovery()
Logger()Recovery()

基于zap的中间件

gin.Default()
r := gin.New()
r.Use(GinLogger(), GinRecovery())

中间件：

// GinLogger 接收gin框架默认的日志
func GinLogger(logger *zap.Logger) gin.HandlerFunc {
    return func(c *gin.Context) {
        start := time.Now()
        path := c.Request.URL.Path
        query := c.Request.URL.RawQuery
        c.Next()

        cost := time.Since(start)
        logger.Info(path,
            zap.Int("status", c.Writer.Status()),
            zap.String("method", c.Request.Method),
            zap.String("path", path),
            zap.String("query", query),
            zap.String("ip", c.ClientIP()),
            zap.String("user-agent", c.Request.UserAgent()),
            zap.String("errors", c.Errors.ByType(gin.ErrorTypePrivate).String()),
            zap.Duration("cost", cost),
        )
    }
}

// GinRecovery recover掉项目可能出现的panic
func GinRecovery(logger *zap.Logger, stack bool) gin.HandlerFunc {
    return func(c *gin.Context) {
        defer func() {
            if err := recover(); err != nil {
                // Check for a broken connection, as it is not really a
                // condition that warrants a panic stack trace.
                var brokenPipe bool
                if ne, ok := err.(*net.OpError); ok {
                    if se, ok := ne.Err.(*os.SyscallError); ok {
                        if strings.Contains(strings.ToLower(se.Error()), "broken pipe") || strings.Contains(strings.ToLower(se.Error()), "connection reset by peer") {
                            brokenPipe = true
                        }
                    }
                }

                httpRequest, _ := httputil.DumpRequest(c.Request, false)
                if brokenPipe {
                    logger.Error(c.Request.URL.Path,
                        zap.Any("error", err),
                        zap.String("request", string(httpRequest)),
                    )
                    // If the connection is dead, we can"t write a status to it.
                    c.Error(err.(error)) // nolint: errcheck
                    c.Abort()
                    return
                }

                if stack {
                    logger.Error("[Recovery from panic]",
                        zap.Any("error", err),
                        zap.String("request", string(httpRequest)),
                        zap.String("stack", string(debug.Stack())),
                    )
                } else {
                    logger.Error("[Recovery from panic]",
                        zap.Any("error", err),
                        zap.String("request", string(httpRequest)),
                    )
                }
                c.AbortWithStatus(http.StatusInternalServerError)
            }
        }()
        c.Next()
    }
}

如果不想自己实现，可以使用github上有别人封装好的https://github.com/gin-contrib/zap。

Logger()Recovery()

在gin项目中使用zap

logger.go
package logger

import (
    "gin_zap_demo/config"
    "net"
    "net/http"
    "net/http/httputil"
    "os"
    "runtime/debug"
    "strings"
    "time"

    "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
    "github.com/natefinch/lumberjack"
    "go.uber.org/zap"
    "go.uber.org/zap/zapcore"
)

var lg *zap.Logger

// InitLogger 初始化Logger
func InitLogger(cfg *config.LogConfig) (err error) {
    writeSyncer := getLogWriter(cfg.Filename, cfg.MaxSize, cfg.MaxBackups, cfg.MaxAge)
    encoder := getEncoder()
    var l = new(zapcore.Level)
    err = l.UnmarshalText([]byte(cfg.Level))
    if err != nil {
        return
    }
    core := zapcore.NewCore(encoder, writeSyncer, l)

    lg = zap.New(core, zap.AddCaller())
    zap.ReplaceGlobals(lg) // 替换zap包中全局的logger实例，后续在其他包中只需使用zap.L()调用即可
    return
}

func getEncoder() zapcore.Encoder {
    encoderConfig := zap.NewProductionEncoderConfig()
    encoderConfig.EncodeTime = zapcore.ISO8601TimeEncoder
    encoderConfig.TimeKey = "time"
    encoderConfig.EncodeLevel = zapcore.CapitalLevelEncoder
    encoderConfig.EncodeDuration = zapcore.SecondsDurationEncoder
    encoderConfig.EncodeCaller = zapcore.ShortCallerEncoder
    return zapcore.NewJSONEncoder(encoderConfig)
}

func getLogWriter(filename string, maxSize, maxBackup, maxAge int) zapcore.WriteSyncer {
    lumberJackLogger := &lumberjack.Logger{
        Filename:   filename,
        MaxSize:    maxSize,
        MaxBackups: maxBackup,
        MaxAge:     maxAge,
    }
    return zapcore.AddSync(lumberJackLogger)
}

// GinLogger 接收gin框架默认的日志
func GinLogger() gin.HandlerFunc {
    return func(c *gin.Context) {
        start := time.Now()
        path := c.Request.URL.Path
        query := c.Request.URL.RawQuery
        c.Next()

        cost := time.Since(start)
        lg.Info(path,
            zap.Int("status", c.Writer.Status()),
            zap.String("method", c.Request.Method),
            zap.String("path", path),
            zap.String("query", query),
            zap.String("ip", c.ClientIP()),
            zap.String("user-agent", c.Request.UserAgent()),
            zap.String("errors", c.Errors.ByType(gin.ErrorTypePrivate).String()),
            zap.Duration("cost", cost),
        )
    }
}

// GinRecovery recover掉项目可能出现的panic，并使用zap记录相关日志
func GinRecovery(stack bool) gin.HandlerFunc {
    return func(c *gin.Context) {
        defer func() {
            if err := recover(); err != nil {
                // Check for a broken connection, as it is not really a
                // condition that warrants a panic stack trace.
                var brokenPipe bool
                if ne, ok := err.(*net.OpError); ok {
                    if se, ok := ne.Err.(*os.SyscallError); ok {
                        if strings.Contains(strings.ToLower(se.Error()), "broken pipe") || strings.Contains(strings.ToLower(se.Error()), "connection reset by peer") {
                            brokenPipe = true
                        }
                    }
                }

                httpRequest, _ := httputil.DumpRequest(c.Request, false)
                if brokenPipe {
                    lg.Error(c.Request.URL.Path,
                        zap.Any("error", err),
                        zap.String("request", string(httpRequest)),
                    )
                    // If the connection is dead, we can"t write a status to it.
                    c.Error(err.(error)) // nolint: errcheck
                    c.Abort()
                    return
                }

                if stack {
                    lg.Error("[Recovery from panic]",
                        zap.Any("error", err),
                        zap.String("request", string(httpRequest)),
                        zap.String("stack", string(debug.Stack())),
                    )
                } else {
                    lg.Error("[Recovery from panic]",
                        zap.Any("error", err),
                        zap.String("request", string(httpRequest)),
                    )
                }
                c.AbortWithStatus(http.StatusInternalServerError)
            }
        }()
        c.Next()
    }
}

然后定义日志相关配置：

type LogConfig struct {
    Level string `json:"level"`
    Filename string `json:"filename"`
    MaxSize int `json:"maxsize"`
    MaxAge int `json:"max_age"`
    MaxBackups int `json:"max_backups"`
}
logger.InitLogger(config.Conf.LogConfig)r.Use(logger.GinLogger(), logger.GinRecovery(true))zap.L().Xxx()
package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "gin_zap_demo/config"
    "gin_zap_demo/logger"
    "net/http"
    "os"

    "go.uber.org/zap"

    "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
)

func main() {
    // load config from config.json
    if len(os.Args) < 1 {
        return
    }

    if err := config.Init(os.Args[1]); err != nil {
        panic(err)
    }
    // init logger
    if err := logger.InitLogger(config.Conf.LogConfig); err != nil {
        fmt.Printf("init logger failed, err:%v
", err)
        return
    }

    gin.SetMode(config.Conf.Mode)

    r := gin.Default()
    // 注册zap相关中间件
    r.Use(logger.GinLogger(), logger.GinRecovery(true))

    r.GET("/hello", func(c *gin.Context) {
        // 假设你有一些数据需要记录到日志中
        var (
            name = "itxiaoma"
            age  = 18
        )
        // 记录日志并使用zap.Xxx(key, val)记录相关字段
        zap.L().Debug("this is hello func", zap.String("user", name), zap.Int("age", age))

        c.String(http.StatusOK, "hello itxiaoma!")
    })

    addr := fmt.Sprintf(":%v", config.Conf.Port)
    r.Run(addr)
}