Go语言调用Shell与可执行文件

os/exec包可用于调用外部命令，可以使用管道连接输入输出，并支持阻塞与非阻塞方式执行命令。
os/exec包中关键的类型为Cmd，以下介绍的所有方法皆服务于该类型：

func Command(name string, arg ...string) *Cmdfunc (c *Cmd) Run() errorfunc (c *Cmd) Start() errorfunc (c *Cmd) Wait() errorfunc (c *Cmd) Output() ([]byte, error)func (c *Cmd) CombinedOutput() ([]byte, error)func (c *Cmd) StdinPipe() (io.WriteCloser, error)func (c *Cmd) StdoutPipe() (io.ReadCloser, error)func (c *Cmd) StderrPipe() (io.ReadCloser, error)

普通调用示例：

调用Shell命令或可执行文件

演示在当前目录创建一个空文件

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "os/exec"
)

func main(){
    cmd := exec.Command("touch", "test_file")

    err := cmd.Run()
    if err != nil {
        fmt.Println("Execute Command failed:" + err.Error())
        return
    }

    fmt.Println("Execute Command finished.")
}

cmd := exec.Command("my_shell.sh")#sh my_shell.sh

调用Shell脚本

dir_size.sh

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "os/exec"
)

func main(){
    command := `./dir_size.sh .`
    cmd := exec.Command("/bin/bash", "-c", command)

    output, err := cmd.Output()
    if err != nil {
        fmt.Printf("Execute Shell:%s failed with error:%s", command, err.Error())
        return
    }
    fmt.Printf("Execute Shell:%s finished with output:\n%s", command, string(output))
}

dir_size.sh

#!/bin/bash
du -h --max-depth=1 $1

Go程序运行结果：

[root@localhost opt]# ll
total 2120
-rwx------.  1 root root      36 Jan 22 16:37 dir_size.sh
-rwx------.  1 root root 2152467 Jan 22 16:39 execCommand
drwxrwxr-x. 11 1000 1000    4096 Jul 12  2017 kibana
drwx------.  2 root root    4096 Jan 16 10:45 sftpuser
drwx------.  3 root root    4096 Jan 22 16:41 upload
[root@localhost opt]# ./execCommand 
Execute Shell:./dir_size.sh . finished with output:
4.0K    ./sftpuser
181M    ./kibana
1.1G    ./upload
1.2G    .

使用输入输出Pipe

test

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "io/ioutil"
    "os/exec"
)

func main(){
    cmd := exec.Command("/bin/bash", "-c", "grep test")

    stdin, _ := cmd.StdinPipe()
    stdout, _ := cmd.StdoutPipe()

    if err := cmd.Start(); err != nil{
        fmt.Println("Execute failed when Start:" + err.Error())
        return
    }

    stdin.Write([]byte("go text for grep\n"))
    stdin.Write([]byte("go test text for grep\n"))
    stdin.Close()

    out_bytes, _ := ioutil.ReadAll(stdout)
    stdout.Close()

    if err := cmd.Wait(); err != nil {
        fmt.Println("Execute failed when Wait:" + err.Error())
        return
    }

    fmt.Println("Execute finished:" + string(out_bytes))
}

Go程序运行结果：

[root@localhost ~]# ./execCommand 
Execute finished:go test text for grep

阻塞/非阻塞方式调用

文章开头方法介绍处已经介绍的很清楚，且前面示例都有涉及，就不另行说明了。