安装

Ubuntu22 64 x86
golang
https://go.dev/doc/install
1.19
$ wget https://dl.google.com/go/go1.19.2.linux-amd64.tar.gz
# 删除旧版本go
$ rm -rf /usr/local/go
$ tar -C /usr/local -xzf go1.19.2.linux-amd64.tar.gz

配置环境变量

GOPATH
golangsrcsrcgithub.comsrc/github.com/user/project-ago get -u github.com/gin-gonic/ginpkgbin

创建工作空间如下

$ mkdir $HOME/golang
$ cd $HOME/golang 
$ mkdir src pkg bin
$ cd src
$ mkdir -p github.com/gong/hello-world
GOROOT
golang
/etc/profile.d/golang.sh
export GOROOT=/usr/local/go
export PATH=$GOROOT/bin:$PATH
export GOPATH=$HOME/golang
shell
$ source /etc/profile
$ go version
go
$ go env -w GOPROXY=https://goproxy.cn,direct
Hello world
$HOME/golang/github.com/gong/hello-world
main.go
package main

import "fmt"

func main() {
    fmt.Println("Hello World!")
}

编译之前需要执行一条命令，创建包的依赖文件，该文件记录了包的依赖信息

$ go mod init

更新依赖

$ go mod tidy
main.go
$ go build
$ ll
总用量 1.8M
-rw-rw-r-- 1 gong gong   44 10月 26 17:04 go.mod
-rwxrwxr-x 1 gong gong 1.8M 10月 26 17:04 hello-world
-rw-rw-r-- 1 gong gong   73 10月 26 16:59 main.go
hello-world
$ ./hello-world 
Hello World!

或者可以直接编译运行一步到位

$ go run .
Hello World!
go web
gin

获取包

$ go get -u github.com/gin-gonic/gin
main.go
package main

import (
    "net/http"

    "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
)

func main() {
    r := gin.Default()
    r.GET("/ping", func(c *gin.Context) {
        c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{
            "message": "pong",
        })
    })
    r.Run() // listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080 (for windows "localhost:8080")
}

执行命令更新依赖

$ go mod tidy
go.mod
web
$ go run .
http://127.0.0.1:8080/ping
docker
main.goDockerfile

由于是编译型语言，适合采用分阶段构建，达到最小镜像

FROM golang:1.19-alpine as builder

WORKDIR /work
RUN sed -i 's/dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/g' /etc/apk/repositories \
  && go env -w GOPROXY=https://goproxy.cn,direct \
  && apk update \
  && apk add tzdata
ADD go.mod .
ADD go.sum .
RUN go mod download
COPY . .
RUN go build -o web

FROM alpine:3.16
WORKDIR /work
COPY --from=builder /work/web .
COPY --from=builder /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime
RUN chmod +x web
ENTRYPOINT ["./web"]
web
$ docker build -t web .

查看镜像大小

$ docker images |grep web
web                   latest        259944109b18   About an hour ago   26.5MB
compose.yaml
gingin
services:
  web:
    image: web
    container_name: web
    ports:
      - "8080:8080"
    restart: always
    environment:
      - GIN_MODE=release
go.modgo.sumgo mod
$ ll
总用量 36K
-rw-rw-r-- 1 gong gong  148 10月 26 17:50 compose.yaml
-rw-rw-r-- 1 gong gong  468 10月 26 17:42 Dockerfile
-rw-rw-r-- 1 gong gong 2.9K 10月 26 17:38 go.mod
-rw-rw-r-- 1 gong gong  19K 10月 26 17:38 go.sum
-rw-rw-r-- 1 gong gong  280 10月 26 17:27 main.go
http://127.0.0.1:8080
$ docker compose up -d

参考阅读