在 Go 语言中,使用原子变量来控制状态。在这里,必须使用“sync/atomic”包来使用这些变量。此外,它还可以防止允许两个或多个 Goroutine 访问相同源的竞争条件。原子计数器可用于多个 goroutine。 Go 语言中管理状态的主要方式是通过通道进行通信。

示例 1:

// Golang program to illustrate the usage of
// atomic variable
  
// Including main package
package main
  
// Importing sync/atomic, math/rand,
// fmt, sync, and time
import (
    "fmt"
    "math/rand"
    "sync"
    "sync/atomic"
    "time"
)
  
// Using sync.WaitGroup in order to
// wait for a collection of
// goroutines to finish
var waittime sync.WaitGroup
  
// Declaring atomic variable
var atmvar int32
  
// Defining increment function
func hike(S string) {
  
    // For loop
    for i := 1; i < 7; i++ {
  
        // Calling sleep method with its duration
        // and also calling rand.Intn method
        time.Sleep(time.Duration((rand.Intn(5))) * time.Millisecond)
  
        // Calling AddInt32 method with its
        // parameter
        atomic.AddInt32(&atmvar, 1)
  
        // Prints output
        fmt.Println(S, i, "count ->", atmvar)
    }
  
    // Wait completed
    waittime.Done()
}
  
// Main function
func main() {
  
    // Calling Add method w.r.to
    // waittime variable
    waittime.Add(2)
  
    // Calling hike method with
    // values
    go hike("cat: ")
    go hike("dog: ")
  
    // Calling wait method
    waittime.Wait()
  
    // Prints the value of last count
    fmt.Println("The value of last count is :", atmvar)
}

输出:

dog:  1 count -> 1
cat:  1 count -> 2
dog:  2 count -> 3
dog:  3 count -> 4
cat:  2 count -> 5
cat:  3 count -> 6
cat:  4 count -> 7
cat:  5 count -> 8
cat:  6 count -> 9
dog:  4 count -> 10
dog:  5 count -> 11
dog:  6 count -> 12
The value of last count is : 12

在上面的方法中,原子变量的类型是 int32。在这里, rand.Intn() 方法用于打印随机整数,直到循环停止。之后,使用AddInt32方法将原子变量与另一个 int32 数字相加,然后在计数中返回它。

示例 2:

// Golang program to illustrate the usage of
// AfterFunc() function
  
// Including main package
package main
  
// Importing sync/atomic, fmt,
// and sync
import (
    "fmt"
    "sync"
    "sync/atomic"
)
  
// Calling main
func main() {
  
    // Declaring atomic variable
    var atmvar uint32
  
    // Using sync.WaitGroup in order to
    // wait for a collection of
    // goroutines to finish
    var wait sync.WaitGroup
  
    // For loop
    for i := 0; i < 30; i += 2 {
  
        // Calling Add method
        wait.Add(1)
  
        // Calling AddUint32 method under
        // go function
        go func() {
            atomic.AddUint32(&atmvar, 2)
  
            // Wait completed
            wait.Done()
        }()
    }
  
    // Calling wait method
    wait.Wait()
  
    // Prints atomic variables value
    fmt.Println("atmvar:", atmvar)
}

输出:

atmvar: 30

在上面的方法中,原子变量的类型是 uint32。在这里,在 for 循环下使用 AddUint32() 方法,该方法添加其参数,直到循环停止,然后返回原子变量的值。