1、准备
1.1 资源和文档
- 库:https://github.com/spf13/cobra
- 文档:https://github.com/spf13/cobra/blob/master/README.md
1.2 下载
使用 go get命令下载:
go get -u github.com/spf13/cobra
2、使用
2.1 基本使用
- 在工程中新建cmd文件夹,并添加root命令:在cmd文件夹下新建root.go文件,内容如下:
package cmd
import (
"fmt"
"github.com/spf13/cobra"
"os"
)
var rootCmd = &cobra.Command{
Use: "CobraExample",
Short: "cobra use example",
Long: `An application show how to use cobra library.
Author:roc
Blog:makerinchina.cn`,
}
func Excute() {
if err:= rootCmd.Execute(); err!=nil {
fmt.Println(err)
os.Exit(1)
}
}
- 然后在main函数中执行,main.go 文件内容如下:
package main
import "cli_cobra_example/cmd"
func main() {
cmd.Excute()
}
- 测试
执行 go build,编译程序,然后执行可以看到如下输出:
An application show how to use cobra library.
Author:roc
Blog:makerinchina.cn
2.2 添加自己的命令
有了第一步的基础后,我们可以添加自己的命令,这里添加一个test命令,执行后输出test提示。
- 先在cmd文件夹下新建test.go 文件,内容如下:
package cmd
import (
"fmt"
"github.com/spf13/cobra"
)
var testCmd = &cobra.Command{
Use: "testCmd",
Short: "A test cmd",
Run: testCmdFunc,
}
func testCmdFunc(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
fmt.Println("test cmd function execute.")
if len(args) > 0 {
i := 0
for i=0;i<len(args);i++ {
fmt.Printf(" args[%d]:%s\r\n", i, args[i])
}
}
}
func init() {
rootCmd.AddCommand(testCmd)
}
此时编译后执行程序输出如下:
An application show how to use cobra library.
Author:roc
Blog:makerinchina.cn
Usage:
CobraExample [command]
Available Commands:
help Help about any command
testCmd A test cmd
Flags:
-h, --help help for CobraExample
Use "CobraExample [command] --help" for more information about a command.
如果执行程序带上命令和参数: app testCmd arg1 arg2, 则输出如下:
test cmd function execute.
args[0]:arg1
args[1]:arg2
2.3 使用命令标志Flags
(1) 全局命令标志
这种标志定义后会作用于定义它的命令和它的子命令。
- 在root.go文件添加flags:
package cmd
import (
"fmt"
"github.com/spf13/cobra"
"os"
)
var rootCmd = &cobra.Command{
Use: "CobraExample",
Short: "cobra use example",
Long: `An application show how to use cobra library.
Author:roc
Blog:makerinchina.cn`,
Run: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
fmt.Println("root cmd execute function.")
},
}
var flags1 string
func init() {
rootCmd.PersistentFlags().StringVarP(&flags1,"flags1","f","default value","flag defined in rootcmd.")
}
func Excute() {
if err:= rootCmd.Execute(); err!=nil {
fmt.Println(err)
os.Exit(1)
}
}
执行程序并带 -h 参数输出如下:
An application show how to use cobra library.
Author:roc
Blog:makerinchina.cn
Usage:
CobraExample [flags]
CobraExample [command]
Available Commands:
help Help about any command
testCmd A test cmd
Flags:
-f, --flags1 string flag defined in rootcmd. (default "default value")
-h, --help help for CobraExample
Use "CobraExample [command] --help" for more information about a command.
然后执行程序并带子命令参数: app testCmd -h,也会有-f的标志,输出如下:
A test cmd
Usage:
CobraExample testCmd [flags]
Flags:
-h, --help help for testCmd
Global Flags:
-f, --flags1 string flag defined in rootcmd. (default "default value")
(2) 特定命令标志
这种标志仅仅用于定义它的命令。
- 修改test.go文件如下:
package cmd
import (
"fmt"
"github.com/spf13/cobra"
)
var testCmd = &cobra.Command{
Use: "testCmd",
Short: "A test cmd",
Run: testCmdFunc,
}
var testFlag1 string
func testCmdFunc(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
fmt.Println("test cmd function execute.")
if len(args) > 0 {
i := 0
for i=0;i<len(args);i++ {
fmt.Printf(" args[%d]:%s\r\n", i, args[i])
}
}
strflag, _ := cmd.Flags().GetString("testflag")
fmt.Println("local cmd flags:", strflag)
strflagroot, _ := rootCmd.Flags().GetString("flags1")
fmt.Println("root cmd flags:", strflagroot)
}
func init() {
rootCmd.AddCommand(testCmd)
testCmd.Flags().StringVarP(&testFlag1,"testflag","t","default value1", "test cmd flag1")
}
- 执行子命令 testCmd:
app testCmd -h
可以看到输出如下:
A test cmd
Usage:
CobraExample testCmd [flags]
Flags:
-h, --help help for testCmd
-t, --testflag string test cmd flag1 (default "default value1")
Global Flags:
-f, --flags1 string flag defined in rootcmd. (default "default value")
- 执行命令并输出标志参数:
app testCmd arg1 -f global_flag -t local_flag
输出结果如下:
test cmd function execute.
args[0]:arg1
local cmd flags: local_flag
root cmd flags: global_flag