jsonencoding/json
1 序列化为json字符串
1.1 Marshal
package main
import (
"encoding/json"
"fmt"
"os"
)
func main ( ) {
type ColorGroup struct {
ID int
Name string `json:"name"`
Colors [ ] string
note string
}
group := ColorGroup {
ID : 1 ,
Name : "Reds" ,
Colors : [ ] string { "Crimson" , "Red" , "Ruby" , "Maroon" } ,
}
b , err := json. Marshal ( group )
if err != nil {
fmt. Println ( "error:" , err )
}
os. Stdout . Write ( b )
}
结果输出:
{"ID":1,"name":"Reds","Colors":["Crimson","Red","Ruby","Maroon"]}
1.2 序列化备注
notejsonjson:"name"nameNameIDColors
boolchannelcomplex函数
interface{}stringintbool指针类型interface{}
2 反序列化
2.1 Unmarshal
package main
import (
"encoding/json"
"fmt"
)
func main ( ) {
var jsonBlob = [ ] byte ( ` [
{ "Name" : "Platypus" , "Order" : "Monotremata" } ,
{ "Name" : "Quoll" , "Order" : "Dasyuromorphia" }
] ` )
type Animal struct {
Name string
Order string
}
var animals [ ] Animal
err := json. Unmarshal ( jsonBlob , & animals )
if err != nil {
fmt. Println ( "error:" , err )
}
fmt. Printf ( "%+v" , animals )
}
结果输出:
[{Name:Platypus Order:Monotremata} {Name:Quoll Order:Dasyuromorphia}]
2.2 RawMeaage
package main
import (
"encoding/json"
"fmt"
"log"
)
func main ( ) {
type Color struct {
Space string
Point json. RawMessage // delay parsing until we know the color space
}
type RGB struct {
R uint8
G uint8
B uint8
}
type YCbCr struct {
Y uint8
Cb int8
Cr int8
}
var j = [ ] byte ( ` [
{ "Space" : "YCbCr" , "Point" : { "Y" : 255 , "Cb" : 0 , "Cr" : -10 } } ,
{ "Space" : "RGB" , "Point" : { "R" : 98 , "G" : 218 , "B" : 255 } }
] ` )
var colors [ ] Color
err := json. Unmarshal ( j , & colors )
if err != nil {
[log ](http://www.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/009695399/functions/log.html). Fatalln ( "error:" , err )
}
for _ , c := range colors {
var dst interface { }
switch c. Space {
case "RGB" :
dst = new ( RGB )
case "YCbCr" :
dst = new ( YCbCr )
}
err := json. Unmarshal ( c. Point , dst )
if err != nil {
[log ](http://www.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/009695399/functions/log.html). Fatalln ( "error:" , err )
}
fmt. Println ( c. Space , dst )
}
}
输出结果:
YCbCr &{255 0 -10}
RGB &{98 218 255}
2.3 Decoder
package main
import (
"encoding/json"
"fmt"
"io"
"log"
"strings"
)
func main ( ) {
const jsonStream = `
{ "Name" : "Ed" , "Text" : "Knock knock." }
{ "Name" : "Sam" , "Text" : "Who's there?" }
{ "Name" : "Ed" , "Text" : "Go fmt." }
{ "Name" : "Sam" , "Text" : "Go fmt who?" }
{ "Name" : "Ed" , "Text" : "Go fmt yourself!" }
`
type Message struct {
Name , Text string
}
dec := json. NewDecoder ( strings. NewReader ( jsonStream ) )
for {
var m Message
if err := dec. Decode ( & m ) ; err == io. EOF {
break
} else if err != nil {
[log ](http://www.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/009695399/functions/log.html). Fatal ( err )
}
fmt. Printf ( "%s: %s \n " , m. Name , m. Text )
}
}
输出结果:
Ed: Knock knock.
Sam: Who's there?
Ed: Go fmt.
Sam: Go fmt who?
Ed: Go fmt yourself!
2.4 反序列化备注
- json字符串解析时,需要一个接收体接收解析后的数据,且Unmarshal时接收体必须传递指针。否则解析虽不报错,但数据无法赋值到接收体中。
- json字符串key和对象字段的匹配规则
解析时,接收体可自行定义。json串中的key自动在接收体中寻找匹配的字段进行赋值。匹配规则是:
- 先查找与key一样的json标签,找到则赋值给该标签对应的变量(如Name)。
- 没有json标签的,就从上往下依次查找变量名与key一样的变量,如Age。或者变量名忽略大小写后与key一样的变量,如HIgh,Class。第一个匹配的就赋值,后面就算有匹配的也忽略。
- 可解析的变量必须是可导出的,即首字母大写。不可导出的变量无法被解析(即使json串中有对应key的k-v,解析后其值仍为nil,即空值)。
- 当接收体中存在json串中匹配不了的项时,解析会自动忽略该项,该项仍保留原值。如没有初始值,保留空值nil。
- interface{}类型的变量,如果解析时没有明确指定字段的类型,可能得不到自己期望的数据结构。例如:解析时不指定变量的具体类型(定义为interface{}类型),json自动将value为复合结构的数据解析为map[string]interface{}类型的项。
reflect.TypeOf(value)nilinterface{}interface{}map[string]interface{}interface{}interface{}json.RawMessagejson.RawMessagemap[string]interface{}
参考